He was the grandson of a man, Yasar, who had been captured in one of Khalid ibn al-Walid's campaigns and taken to Medina as a slave. Yasar converted to Islam and was freed. Yasar's son Ishaq was a traditionist, who collected and recounted tales of the past.
Muhammad ibn Ishaq was thus carrying on the work of his father. At the age of thirty, he travelled to the Islamic province of Egypt to attend lectures given by the traditionalist Yazid ibn Abu Habib , then to Kufa and Hira, and finally to Baghdad, where the Caliph al- Mansur provided him with the means of writing his great work.
He died in Baghdad in AH He was the earliest person to write the most comprehensive and most important biography Sira of The Prophet Muhammad P. Nuh Ha Mim Keller, rev. There is no god but Allah and He has no companion. This work is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. Verily they are assembled to attack you! Thank You for Your Contribution! Fear him with the fear that is His due. Khadija bore to the apostle of Allah all his children except Ibrahim.
Palestinian Media Watch, When the three days had elapsed and the people ceased to inquire about them, the hired guide arrived with their two camels, and a third belonging to himself, and Asma, the daughter of Abu Bakr came with provisions. Abu Jahl approached him; but suddenly he turned back and fled, his countenance altered, so frightened that his hands could not hold the stone. Come to blessedness, come to blessedness! The treasure was found again in the possession of a manumitted slave, and the Quraysh cut off his hands, although they believed others had stolen the treasure and merely left slra with the slave.
Generally speaking, those parts which have been excised have been repetitions of events, long lists of names, confusing sia of minor battles, and a large quantity of verse. Accordingly I milked it, and we both drank until we were satisfied and filled, so that we had a good night.
As with the Jews, so with their adherents, except for him who commits a crime. He was obeyed and followed by them and he kept them away from Islam until the apostle of Allah himself emigrated to Medinaand until the battles isjaq Badr, Uhud, and the Ditch had been fought.
Then my husband approached our she-camel, and lo! Carry out towards Allah all that you say you will, and love one another in the spirit of Allah, because He ishwq wrathful when His covenant is broken.
Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi. Over this, an angel of angels presides, whose name is Ismail and who commands 12, angels each of whom also commands 12, From him we learned where the apostle of Allah had gone, and that his destination was Medina.
A rabbi held out a Torah, but with his hand covering over the verse of stoning. I testify that he is the apostle of God, I believe ishaa him, I hold him to be true, and I acknowledge him. It is commonly said that the earliest biography of Prophet Muhamamd p was written years after his death at that biography is Ibn Ishaq. This is false. Below is a list of very early biographies of Prophet Muhammad, some written by his own disciples companions :.
To see very early hadith books and refuting the claim that the hadith came " years after the Prophet" see here and here. Abdullah ibn Abbas d. He wrote letters replying to inquiries of the Umayyad caliphs, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan and al-Walid I, involving questions about certain events that happened in the time of the Prophet. He is not known to have written any books on the subject. His traditions are mainly found in Tabari, Al-Balathuri, and al-Waqidi.
Wahb ibn Munabbih d. Several books were ascribed to him but none of them are now extant. Some of his traditions have been preserved, although their attribution to him is disputed. Muhammad ibn Ishaq d.
Zubayr ibn al-Awam, the husband of Asma bint Abi Bakr. Abaan ibn Uthman ibn Affan, the son of Uthman wrote a small booklet. Hammam ibn Munabbih, a student of Abu Hurayrah. Abu Ma'shar Najih Al-Madani. Ali ibn mujahid Al razi Al kindi. Al-Bakka was a disciple of Ibn Ishaq and teacher of Ibn Hisham and thus forms a very important link in Sira between two great scholars.
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari wrote the well-known work History of the Prophets and Kings, whose earlier books include the life of Muhammad, which cite of Ibn Ishaq. Sheikh Zahir al-Din ibn Muhammad Gazaruni. Ibn Abd al-Barr. Note that Most of these very early biographies of the Prophet Muhammad don't exist anymore, either they were destroyed or absorbed into other works.
However some of these biographies do survive. Who Was Ibn Ishaq? Ibn Ishaq was the earliest but one of the worse biographers of Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him. He worked in Madina until the Abbasids replaced the Umayyads in the caliphate C.
After that he is reported at various places in Iraq and Iran and he died in Bagdad in C. Abdu Manaf who was manumeted after he accepted Islam.
His father Ishaq and uncle Musa were well known traditionists which eventually led to Ibn Ishaq as a writer and author. It is unclear that Ibn Ishaq must have devoted himself to study and research the apostolic tradition by attending lectures in Egypt and then returning to Madina to collate and arrange all the materials that he had accumulated. Ibn Ishaq's biography of Muhammad the Sira was based - besides others - on many of the reports about Prophet Muhammad from books written by several different authors called al Maghazi which described the stories of the wars that Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him fought.
The original book has not been found but its contents were traced through other contemporaneous authors who copied his book such as Ibn Hisham. Muhammad Ibn Ishaq related the first known biography Sira.
This work no longer exists in its original form, but has been preserved in at least two recensions, one of these recensions being authored by Ibn Hisham with many revisions , as well as by Al Bakka'i, al Tabari, Yunus b. The Arabic text was published at Gottingen in three volumes by F. Wustenfeld, , and a German translation by G. Weil, The Historian of the Caliphate, appeared at Stuttgart in It is this latter work which is perhaps better known in the West, and is now more conveniently read in the English translation of the late Alfred Guilaume.
Alfred Guillaume's English translation is probably the best attempt at the reconstruction of Ibn Ishaq's work. Ibn Hisham's C. The actions and deeds of Muhammad were noted, and his battles described in great detail. Ibn Hisham's Sirat Muhammad rasul Allah is considered by Dunlop as one of the best existing authorities on the life of Muhammad. We do not know if Ibn Ishaq ever wrote a "book" in the ordinary sense of books. What has come down to us seems to be from the notes taken by his pupils.
The standard source is now the "Sirat al-Nabi" "Life of the Prophet" of Abd al-Malik ibn Hisha died , or perhaps much later which is a systematic presentation of Ibn Ishaq's material with a commentary by Ibn Hisham. This should be supplemented by the extracts in al-Tabari and other authors. For example, the story about the allegic Verses was not reported by Ibn Hisham. But it was repeated by al-Tabari and others.
Ibn Hisham makes no secret - in the Introduction to his book - of the fact that he omitted some of the material Ibn Ishaq included that reflected negatively upon Muhammad's character. Ibn Ishaq's work originally consisted of three almost equal parts.
The first was a history of the world up until the beginning of Muhammad's ministry. The second was an account of Muhammad's work in Mecca and the third was an account of his work in Madina and his death. Unfortunately, Ibn Hisham was not interested in these stories and jumped directly to the story of Abraham, who is the ancestor of Muhammad p and the Arab race. Much of this part it is lost.
What remains is based on Arabic traditions and the Jewish scriptures. Al Azraqi for example, quotes some passages from the missing section in his Akhbar Mecca. The second part, which is often called al-Mab'ath, begins with the birth of Muhammad and ends when the first fighting from his base in Madina takes place. It is a collection of prophetic hadiths, especially about the events behind the revelation of one or another verse in the Quran the division between Meccan and Madinan suras , lists of significant persons for example, the earliest Muslims and poetry.
Ibn Ishaq does not attempt a chronology, but he does arrange his material in a logical sequence. The third part consists of a careful month-based chronology which falls apart at the end and the campaigns Maghazi Ibn Ishaq counts 27, but he stretches the meaning of campaign made by Muhammad from his base of operations in Madina are carefully embedded in this chronology.
But before this campaign literature there is a copy of the document called the Constitution of Madina and an extensive section of Tafsir and Hadiths. Tafsir also occurs several times embedded in the campaign literature. The campaign literature itself includes extensive poetry and lists of persons involved as well as description of battles or why no battle took place.
The Tafsir is among the earliest in Islam and the American Quran scholar John Wansbrough classifies it as Haggadic in his most primitive subset of the Tafsir. That is, it is primarily devoted to passing on a narrative. The campaign literature is followed by an appendix describing campaigns made by other Muslims under Muhammad's directions and a relatively brief account of his death and succession by Abu Bakr.
There are about Hadiths in Ibn Ishaq's book "Sirat Rasullah" and most of them have what appears to be questionable at best isnads chains of transmissions.
But the later hadith collectors Bukhari, Muslim, etc rarely used any material from the Sira because of the lack of quality and authentic isnads. Not the Sira. There are almost as many poems as hadiths in Ibn Ishaq, but later commentaries tend to view them as worthless because they feel so many of them were forged by Muslims.
Who were the other Earlier Sources of Islam? See above for a more complete list. During the early days of Islam, there were numberous books written about Islam and Prophet Muhammad. These books were the Sirat Biography and the Maghazi the battles.
These books are completely different than the hadith books-- as in they are not as reliable as the hadith. The Sirat and the Maghazi weren't carefully written or compiled. Many unreliable accounts and fictional narratvies crept into them. Anyways below is a list of the earliest compliers and biographers of the Prophet and the Maghazi. Aban b. There is doubt that he authored anything, but there are many traditiions that have been handed down in his name.
Shurabil b. Wahb b. Munabbih C. Al-Waqidi C. His reputation is mared by the fact that he relied upon story tellers; viz. Al-Waqidi did such embellish, such as by adding dates and other details onto the account of Ibn Ishaq.
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