I did something really stupid yesterday, and my grandfather told me I was hoist with my own petard. And what's a petard?
What's a bourse? I read it in my finance class. In The House of Mirth, what are oubliettes? In Tess of the d'Urbervilles, what are thimble-riggers? In Wuthering Heights , what's a thible? Which Hemingway story references the running of the bulls" in Spain? My dad mentioned that his granddad was there for a long time during World War I.
If somebody is toady," does it mean they're ugly? In the movie Failure to Launch , there's a line that goes, Well, she certainly is yar," in reference to a yacht. What's yar? I got detention because a teacher said I was being contumacious.
What's that? What are encomiums? What are billets in The Three Musketeers? In Orwell's , what is doublethink? What are orts? That's a weird word that reminds me of orcs from The Lord of the Rings. What are alliteration and assonance?
What's quinsy? What is New Historicism? I found the word unwonted in a book I'm reading. Is that a typo, you think? In Heart of Darkness , what does cipher mean? In the play The Glass Menagerie, would you describe Tom as selfish?
What does Kantian mean, from a philosophical perspective? What's a colonnade? My girlfriend is freaking me out with stories of her dream wedding where she walks down a colonnade. I know this is the least of my problems, but I'm curious.
My grandma says she knows how I feel when I knit my brows. Is she crazy? I know bier has something to do with dead people, but what is it exactly? My brainy brother owns a Harley and says his girlfriend is the pillion. Is he insulting her or just showing off?
I ran across the word mien in a book. Is it a typo? Is a younker a person or a place? Does precipitancy have something to do with the weather? Any suggestions? A friend says she suffers from ineffable sadness.
What's ineffable? What's a scow? Is a maelstrom some kind of dangerous weather? What is the meaning of this saying, The cat will mew and dog will have his day"?
The Picture of Dorian Gray mentions a panegyric on youth. In Madame Bovary , what's a mairie? In The Kite Runner, what's palliative mean? So what's oligarchy?
In government class, my teacher mentioned that word when we were talking about the Blagojevich scandal in Illinois. Is intrepidity a good thing or a bad thing? My grandmother told me that she thinks grandpa should see an alienist. Does she think he's from another planet or what? Do you have to have licentiousness to get your driver's license?
I ran across the word hardihood in something I read the other day. Is it some kind of clothing? I saw mention of haversack in my history book. I'm guessing the word quadroon is four of something.
But what's a roon? I'm trying to understand Shakespeare's play, King Lear. Can you explain these quotes from Act 1, Scene 1? In Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment , what's a samovar?
I came across a music channel that featured tejano," and then I saw the same word when I was reading Bless Me, Ultima. But what the heck is prunella? Is it a purplish color like prunes? In Chapter 2 of Jane Eyre , what are divers parchments? A friend of mine said she hopes to get a counterpane for Christmas. In Wuthering Heights, what does munificent mean? The other day, my dad called my friends a motley crew. Is that his way of saying I should hang out with a different crowd?
Why is there an authorship problem with Shakespeare? What is it called when something is out of place in time, like a jet stream in a movie about ancient Rome? In , does Winston die from a bullet at the end of the book or is he in a dream-state? I saw some old guy in a soldier's uniform selling fake red flowers.
He said it was for Veterans Day. What's the connection? I was kind of flirting with this really cute boy when my teacher told me to stop palavering. Did she want me to stop flirting or stop talking?
My grandmother says when she was a kid in China, she became Catholic because of the Mary Knows nuns. I tried to look that up on the Internet but couldn't find anything.
Can you help? In The Count of Monte Cristo , does cupidity mean love? I'm guessing that because of, you know, Cupid. Valentine's Day. My theater teacher called me a name the other day. I don't think it was supposed to be a compliment. What's a somnambulist, anyway? Why was Tartuffe such a jerk? To Kill a Mockingbird has this word fey in it, but I don't know what it means. Does it mean short lived or fleeting? Then I saw that word in Frankenstein. What's a hovel?
I thought it was like a place that had room service. I have a friend who said something about phantasmagoric. That's not real, is it? Which of the following literary devices is used in these poetic lines by John Milton?
In Faulkner's A Rose for Emily," what does noblesse oblige mean? Why does Satan rebel against God? I'm reading Candide, by Voltaire, and one of the dudes is an Anabaptist. In Romeo and Juliet , who was the last person to see Juliet alive? What is the Catechism? Is there a reference to venereal disease in Romeo and Juliet? What is fantasy fiction? What is the exposition in Othello?
Who is the character Susan in Romeo and Juliet? What is a found poem? What did Alice Walker mean in the essay Beauty"? Frankenstein create his monster? What is the name of the surgeon and the English ship he's on in Moby-Dick? What are the differences between an epic hero and a Romantic hero? I'm in a literary dispute over this! What did W. Du Bois mean when he wrote of second-sight?
What is nihilism, and what should I read to get a better understanding of it? What is the difference between an atheist and an agnostic?
What are intelligent design and creationism and how are they related? What is misanthropy? I would like to understand the poem Blight" by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Please help. When reading Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice , what does entailment mean? What does ignominy mean? From Shelley's Frankenstein What does pecuniary mean? What is an apostrophe in Macbeth?
Is music a language? Why should literature be studied? In the book The Scarlet Letter , what is a vigil? What should I do now?! What is the exact quote in Hamlet about something being wrong in Denmark? Something smells? Something is amiss? What does Utilitarianism mean, from a philosophical perspective?
What was the form of English that Shakespeare used? What was the "final solution" in the book Night by Elie Wiesel? With the many novels out there, is there a database of some sort that can narrow down your choices to a specific book of interest for pleasure reading?
And if not, why hasn't there been? How do you pronounce Houyhnhnms? How can Jordan Baker be described as a professional golfer? To my knowledge, the LPGA did not form until the mids.
What are the humanities? What classic novels take place in Florida? In which Hemingway short story is the saying, "Children's shoes for sale"? Who is the "lady" that Robert Plant speaks of in the song "Stairway to Heaven"?
Was Odysseus the one who planned the Trojan horse, in the Trojan War? How do I get my smart-but-hates-to-read son interested in reading? Poetry gives me problems. How can I figure out what poems are about? How do you analyze a novel?
What does it mean to ululate? From Golding's Lord of the Flies Is ambrosia a salad? From Homer's The Odyssey What is a harbinger? From Shakespeare's Macbeth What does it mean to be refractory? From Dickens' Great Expectations What is a querulous kid? From Wharton's Ethan Frome What does the word runagate mean? From Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet What is the word, imprimis?
From Conrad's Heart of Darkness What or who is a scullion? From Shakespeare's Hamlet What is a schism? From Swift's Gulliver's Travels What does it mean to be salubrious?
From Shakespeare's Hamlet What is vicissitude? From Wharton's House of Mirth What does the word replete mean? From Shakespeare's Henry V What are orisons?
From Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet What does it mean to be ephemeral? What does it mean to be placid? What does it mean to be farinaceous? From Tolstoy's Anna Karenina What does dejection mean? From Shelley's Frankenstein What is animadversion?
From Shakespeare's Othello Someone called me erudite. Is that good? What is a mountebank? From Shakespeare's Macbeth What does it mean to be puissant?
From Shakespeare's Julius Caesar What is a purloiner? From Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment What does it mean to be ostensible? From Dickens's Bleak House What is behoveful? From Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet What is a precentor? From Golding's Lord of the Flies What does it mean to be loquacious?
From Cervantes's Don Quixote What does imprudence mean? From Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde What does it mean to be spurious? From James' Daisy Miller What is a retinue? From Swift's Gulliver's Travels What does the word forsworn mean? From Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet What does the word hauteur mean? From Shelley's Frankenstein What is calumny? From Shakespeare's Hamlet What is an augury?
From Sophocles' Antigone What does squally mean? From Dickens' Great Expectations What does corporal mean? From Shakespeare's Macbeth What does it mean to be plausible? From Sinclair's The Jungle What is a dearth? From Dickens's Great Expectations What is a heterodox? From Austen's Emma What does it mean to be effacing? From Sinclair's The Jungle What is a soliloquy?
What does the word prodigality mean? What does the scarlet letter symbolize? What is the significance of Grendel's cave in Beowulf? What purpose do the three witches serve at the beginning of Macbeth? What can you tell me about Grendel from Beowulf? Why is Roger so mean in Lord of the Flies?
The old man and the young wife — what's up with story plots like this? What part does vengeance play in The Odyssey? What kind of a woman is Penelope in The Odyssey?
Do fate and fortune guide the actions in Macbeth? How does Frankenstein relate to Paradise Lost? How has the way people view Othello changed over time? What's so great about Gatsby? How is To Kill a Mockingbird a coming-of-age story? Why did Ophelia commit suicide in Hamlet? What is the setting of The Scarlet Letter? What is a slave narrative?
What's an anachronism? Doesn't Raskolnikov contradict himself in Crime and Punishment? What is the main theme of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn? What does Shakespeare mean by memento mori?
What are inductive and deductive arguments? Why did Elie Wiesel call his autobiography Night? How does Shakespeare play with gender roles in Macbeth? What's the purpose of the preface to The Scarlet Letter? What role do women play in A Tale of Two Cities? Who are the heroes and villains in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn? What are the ides of March? Was Kate really a shrew in The Taming of the Shrew? What role does innocence play in The Catcher in the Rye? How are Tom and Huck different from each other in Huckleberry Finn?
What is blank verse and how does Shakespeare use it? What is a satirical novel? What is the role of censorship in Fahrenheit ? How can I keep myself on track to get through my summer reading list? What is a major theme of The Great Gatsby? How does Shakespeare use light and darkness in Romeo and Juliet? Who is the narrator in Faulkner's A Rose for Emily"?
How is The Catcher in the Rye different from other coming-of-age novels? How does Scout in To Kill a Mockingbird show two sides? Was there supposed to be a nuclear war in The Handmaid's Tale? I couldn't tell. What is experimental theater"? What is an inciting incident, and how do I find one in Lord of the Flies? How does King Arthur die? In Julius Caesar , what does this mean: Cowards die many times before their deaths How do you write a paper on comparing a movie with the book?
Please explain this Kipling quote: Words are, of course, the most powerful drug used by mankind. What is a motif, and how can I find them in Macbeth? Why didn't Socrates write any books? After all, he was supposed to be so intelligent and wise. Why are there blanks in place of people's names and places in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice?
Was Othello a king? A prince? He's referred to as My Lord" but I'm not sure of his actual title. Where would I find these? What does prose and poetry mean? What's the difference? In The Scarlet Letter, why is the scaffold important and how does it change over the course of the novel? Why does the legend of King Arthur hold such a powerful grip over us?
Do you like to read books? What are the metrical features in poetry? What are the riddles that Gollum asked Bilbo in The Hobbit? Can you tell me what these two quotes from Much Ado About Nothing mean?
What is connotation, and how do you find it in a poem? What is a dramatic monologue? What is formal fallacy? In the movie Dead Poets Society, what are some themes and values that are relevant to Transcendentalism. What is Transcendentalism? Why didn't Mina Harker realize she was under Dracula's spell when she witnessed her friend fall prey to him, too? Wasn't it obvious? How could he be presented as a hero instead?
In Romeo and Juliet , what are the different types of irony used? Um, what's irony? What is the main theme in Fahrenheit ? Why is Invisible Man considered a bildungsroman? Rank that eventually prompts him to disclose his own secret? What is a definition of short story? What percentage of people are considered geniuses? How do I write and publish my own novel? Do I use the past or present tense to answer this question: What is this poem about?
How would you use the PDSA cycle in your personal life? Math I am confused about adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing negative numbers. Who are some famous female mathematicians? How did ounce come to be abbreviated as oz.? Given the set of numbers [7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42], find a subset of these numbers that sums to The speed limit on a certain part of the highway is 65 miles per hour.
What is this in feet per minute? What is the sum of the angles of an octagon? In math, what does reciprocal mean? How many grams in an ounce? A number is 20 less than its square. Find all answers. How much is 1, thousands? How do I find the angles of an isosceles triangle whose two base angles are equal and whose third angle is 10 less than three times a base angle? Explain with words and an example how any number raised to the zero power is 1? What three consecutive numbers add up to ? How many ,,s in 50 billion?
Of students asked if they like rock and roll or country music, 7 said they like neither, 90 said they like rock and roll, and 57 said they like country music. How many students like both? What's the formula to convert square feet into square meters? In math, what is the definition of order of operations? What's the difference between digital and analog?
What is the square root of ,? What are all of the prime numbers? Our teacher told us to look for clues in math word problems.
What did she mean? How do I figure out math word problems without going crazy? What good is geometry going to do me after I get out of school? I keep forgetting how to add fractions. Can you remind me? My teacher talks about the Greatest Common Factor. What's so great about it? Got any tips on finding percentages of a number? How do I use domain and range in functions? How do I change percents to decimals and fractions? How about decimals and fractions to percents? What should I do if my teacher wants me to solve an inequality on a number line?
What is a fast and easy way to work word problems? How do you combine numbers and symbols in an algebraic equation? How do I go about rounding off a number? Can you describe a prism for me? How can I double-check my answers to math equations? How do you factor a binomial? I get the words mean , mode , median , and range mixed up in math. What do they all mean?
How do you combine like terms in algebra? Can you make it easier for me to understand what makes a number a prime number? Explain probability to me and how about some examples? Solving story problems is, well, a problem for me.
What's inferential statistics all about? Finding percentages confuses me. Do you have any tips to make it simpler? What's a quadratic equation, and how do I solve one? How do you figure out probability? How do you add integers? How do you use factoring in quadratic equations? What are limits in calculus? I've looked everywhere to find the meaning of this word and I can't find it. What's the definition of tesseract? In geometry, how do you get the perimeters of a square and a rectangle?
What is the absolute value of a negative number? A rectangle swimming pool is 24m longer than it is wide and is surrounded by a deck 3m wide. Find the area of the pool if the area of the deck is m 2. Related: What if we eradicated all infectious disease? Rather, viruses need to invade a living organism to replicate, said Dr. Otto Yang, a professor of medicine and microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Countless philosophers and scientists have debated how to define whether something is alive. According to the seven characteristics of life, all living beings must be able to respond to stimuli; grow over time; produce offspring ; maintain a stable body temperature; metabolize energy; consist of one or more cells; and adapt to their environment. However, some life-forms don't fit every single characteristic. Most hybrid animals, such as mules a cross between a donkey and a horse , can't reproduce because they are sterile.
Moreover, rocks can grow , albeit in a passive way, with new material flowing over them. But this classification problem goes away when a simpler definition of "life" is used.
In many cases the virus also encodes some of the enzymes required for its replication, a well-known example being reverse transcriptase in RNA viruses. Over the last 15 years or so, giant viruses found in amoebae have complicated our picture of viruses as simple non-living structures.
Mimiviruses and megaviruses can contain more genes than a simple bacterium and may encode genes for information storage and processing.
Genes common to the domains Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya can be found in different giant viruses, and some researchers argue on this basis that they constitute a fourth domain of life.
However, a crucial point is that viruses are not capable of independent replication. They have to replicate within a host cell and they use or usurp the host cell machinery for this. They do not contain the full range of required metabolic processes and are dependent on their host to provide many of the requirements for their replication. To my mind there is a crucial difference between viruses and other obligate intracellular parasites, such as bacteria; namely, viruses have to utilise the host metabolic and replication machinery.
Intracellular bacteria may merely use the host as the environment in which they can supplement their limited metabolic capacity and they usually have their own replication machinery. Organisms such as Chlamydia spp. They further claim that this means that viruses are indeed living organisms. This is not an argument I am comfortable with. If a virus is alive, should we not also consider a DNA molecule to be alive? Plasmids can transfer as conjugative molecules, or be passively transferred, between cells, and they may carry genes obtained from the host.
What about prions? The argument reductio ad absurdum is that any biologically produced mineral that can act as a crystallisation seed for further mineralisation hence meeting the criterion of reproducibility might also be classified as living! This questioner currently considers viruses to be non-living. Where we draw the line between chemistry and life can seem a philosophical, or even theological argument. Are viruses able to claim a similar ancestry? The contention that viruses have no place in the tree of life is often supported by the assertion that viruses do not have a comparable history — viruses are polyphyletic.
Viruses are at a terrible disadvantage in this comparison, however. We are aware of only a tiny fraction of the total genetic diversity of viruses. Moreover, their genomes evolve far more rapidly than cellular organisms.
So, from the small islands of sequence data we have, it is hard to argue that a coherent phylogeny does or does not exist. Interestingly, conservation of folds in viral proteins has begun to highlight possible common ancestries that could never be inferred from genome sequence data.
A striking example is domain duplication of the beta jelly roll motif which gives rise to the pseudo-sixfold symmetry of trimeric hexon capsomeres in adenovirus. This is also found in viruses that infect insects, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and extremophile archaea. Viruses assemble their capsids from surprisingly few distinct protein folds, such that convergent evolution seems highly implausible.
0コメント