If there is a gap between them, consider refreshing your SQL knowledge, and craft an impressive answer to assure the interviewer that you are dedicated to continuously improving and expanding your skills. Study recommended answers to common questions and craft your own succinct but deeply knowledgeable answers. Take notes, ask mentors and colleagues for tips and advice, and practice your most confident and relatable voice and posture.
Rehearse interview questions and your intended answers aloud, or recruit a friend to provide feedback. Practicing the interview can help you relax when the real interview happens, and it can also significantly improve the delivery of your responses. Rehearsing for the interview should refresh your skills and knowledge, polish your response delivery and help you conquer the interview to get the job.
Practice answering the technical questions above as well as general interview questions about you as a person. Remember to let your passion for your work show without being overly dramatic. Most importantly, be yourself. Practicing for the interview will help you present the best version of yourself. Find jobs. Company reviews. Find salaries. Upload your resume. Sign in. The negative testing tests the behavior of the system by providing the invalid set of data.
The main purpose of the positive testing is to prove that the project works well according to the customer requirements. The main purpose of the negative testing is to break the project by providing the invalid set of data. The positive testing tries to prove that the project meets all the customer requirements. The negative testing tries to prove that the project does not meet all the customer requirements.
There are various models available in software testing, which are the following: Waterfall model Spiral Model Prototype model Verification and validation model Hybrid model Agile model Rational unified process model[RUP] Rapid Application development [RAD] 36 List out the difference between smoke testing and sanity testing and dry run testing? Following are the differences between smoke, sanity, and dry run testing: Smoke testing Sanity testing Dry-run testing It is shallow, wide and scripted testing.
It is narrow and deep and unscripted testing A dry run testing is a process where the effects of a possible failure are internally mitigated. When the builds come, we will write the automation script and execute the scripts. So it will perform automatically. It will perform manually. For Example, An aerospace company may conduct a Dry run of a takeoff using a new aircraft and a runway before the first test flight.
It will take all the essential features and perform high-level testing. It will take some significant features and perform in-depth testing. What are the types of tests we perform on the web application?
To test any web application such as Yahoo, Gmail , and so on, we will perform the following testing: Functional testing Integration testing System testing Performance testing Compatibility testing test the application on the various operating systems, multiple browsers, and different version Usability testing check whether it is user friendly Ad-hoc testing Accessibility testing Smoke testing Regression testing Security testing Globalization testing only if it is developed in different languages 38 Why do we need to perform compatibility testing?
We can tell anywhere between test cases. We can run around test cases per day. Note: For these types of questions , always remember the ratio: x test cases we can write, 3x test cases we can review, and 5x test cases we can execute per day.
The testing team is not good Developers are super Product is old All of the above The correct answer is testing team is not good because sometimes the fundamentals of software testing define that no product has zero bugs. We can track the bug manually as: Identify the bug. Make sure that it is not duplicate that is, check it in bug repository. Prepare a bug report. Store it in bug repository. Send it to the development team. Manage the bug life cycle i.
Tracking the bug with the help of automation i. The software can have a bug for the following reasons: Software complexity Programming errors If no communications are happening between the customer and the company, i. Modification in requirements Time pressure.
We can stop testing whenever we have the following: Once the functionality of the application is stable. When the time is less, then we test the necessary features, and we stop it. The client's budget. When the essential feature itself is not working correctly. We can write test cases for the following types of testing: Different types of testing Test cases Smoke testing In this, we will write only standard features; thus, we can pull out some test cases that have all the necessary functions.
Therefore, we do not have to write a test case for smoke testing. Integration testing Yes, we write the test case for integration testing. System testing Yes, we write the test case for system testing.
Acceptance testing Yes, but here the customer may write the test case. Compatibility testing In this, we don't have to write the test case because the same test cases as above are used for testing on different platforms. Adhoc testing We don't write the test case for the Adhoc testing because there are some random scenarios or the ideas, which we used at the time of Adhoc time. Though, if we identify the critical bug, then we convert that scenario into a test case.
Performance testing We might not write the test cases because we will perform this testing with the help of performance tools. Usability testing In this, we use the regular checklist; therefore, we don't write the test case because here we are only testing the look and feel of the application.
Accessibility testing In accessibility testing, we also use the checklist. Reliability testing Here, we don't write the manual test cases as we are using the automation tool to perform reliability testing.
Regression testing Yes, we write the test cases for functional, integration, and system testing. Recovery testing Yes, we write the test cases for recovery testing, and also check how the product recovers from the crash. Security testing Yes, we write the test case for security testing. Globalization testing: Localization testing Internationalization testing Yes, we write the test case for L10N testing. Yes, we write the test case for I18N testing. Traceability matrix Test case review In this, we will make sure that each requirement has got at least one test case.
In this, we will check whether all the scenarios are covered for the particular requirements. Following are the significant differences between the use case and the test case: Test case Use Case It is a document describing the input, action, and expected response to control whether the application is working fine based on the customer requirements. It is a detailed description of Customer Requirements. It is derived from test scenarios, Use cases, and the SRS.
While developing test cases, we can also identify loopholes in the specifications. A business analyst or QA Lead prepares it. First, we will see how we perform manual testing: Different types of testing Scenario Smoke testing Checks that basic functionality is written or not. Integration testing Combine pen and cap and integrate other different sizes and see whether they work fine.
Compatibility testing Various surfaces, multiple environments, weather conditions, and keep it in oven and then write, keep it in the freezer and write, try and write on water. Adhoc testing Throw the pen down and start writing, keep it vertically up and write, write on the wall. Performance testing Test the writing speed of the pen. Usability testing Check whether the pen is user friendly or not, whether we can write it for more extended periods smoothly.
Accessibility testing Handicapped people use them. Reliability testing Drop it down and write, and continuously write and see whether it leaks or not Recovery testing Throw it down and write. Globalization testing Localization testing Price should be standard, expiry date format. Internationalize testing Check whether the print on the pen is as per the country language. Now, we will see how we perform automation testing on a pen: For this take a roller, now put some sheets of paper on the roller, then connects the pen to the motor and switch on the motor.
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Cyber Security. C Programming. Control System. Data Mining. Data Warehouse. Javatpoint Services JavaTpoint offers too many high quality services. Regression is a type of software testing that checks the code change does not affect the current features and functions of an application. Functional testing is a testing technique which checks that function of the application works under the requirement specification. Following are the types of functional testing: Unit testing Acceptance testing Integration testing System testing.
Following are the types of non-functional testing: Performance testing Load testing Stress testing Volume testing Security testing Installation testing Recovery testing. Static testing is a white box testing technique which is done at the initial stage of the software development lifecycle. A dry run testing is a process where the effects of a possible failure are internally mitigated. In this, we will write only standard features; thus, we can pull out some test cases that have all the necessary functions.
In this, we don't have to write the test case because the same test cases as above are used for testing on different platforms. We don't write the test case for the Adhoc testing because there are some random scenarios or the ideas, which we used at the time of Adhoc time.
We might not write the test cases because we will perform this testing with the help of performance tools. In this, we use the regular checklist; therefore, we don't write the test case because here we are only testing the look and feel of the application.
Here, we don't write the manual test cases as we are using the automation tool to perform reliability testing. Yes, we write the test cases for recovery testing, and also check how the product recovers from the crash.
It can be performed either manually or using automated tests. Re-testing: Re-testing, also known as planned testing, is used for specific bugs after it has been fixed by the developers. Re-testing is performed to check the scenario under the same environmental conditions after detection has been fixed. Regression vs Retesting:. It must investigate both functional requirements and non-functional requirements.
Generally, it is performed by both testers and developers. Unit Testing: In unit testing, each component of the software is individually tested. Generally, unit testing is performed by developers. Those systems that have a lot of interdependencies between their modules cannot be tested by unit testing.
System vs Unit Testing:. Test Harness : Test harness, also known as the automated test framework, is a collection of software and test data required to unit test software modules during development. It is mostly used by the developers and helps in the automation and execution of unit test cases. It generally includes two main parts as given below:. Test Closure : Test closure is basically a document that provides the summary of all the tests that are performed during SDLC.
It gives full detailed analysis reports of the bugs that are discovered and removed. It is usually performed prior to the end of the testing process. Test scenario also called a scenario test, is defined as high-level detailed documentation of test cases or use cases. In this, the tester tests the software application from an end-user perspective. It usually can serve as the basis for lower-level test cases or use case creation.
Test scenario is also known as test condition or test possibility. It gives you an idea of what we need to test. Defect life cycle, also known as a bug life cycle, is a life cycle of various stages through which a defect goes during its whole lifetime. This life cycle starts as soon as the defect is discovered or reported by the tester and ends when the tester ensures that the defect is resolved and it won't occur again. The defect life cycle includes the steps as shown below:.
This type of testing is generally used in a low-risk system. There are four different experienced-based testing techniques as shown below:. Smoke Testing: It is a type of testing performed to ensure that the acute functionalities of the program are working well. It acts as a confirmation of whether the quality assurance team can further proceed with testing or not. Sanity Testing: It is an unscripted form of testing performed to ensure that the code changes that are made are working well.
It is performed by the test team for some basic tests. This testing focuses on one or a few areas of functionality and is usually narrow and deep. Smoke vs Sanity Testing:. Pesticide paradox is basically a phenomenon where the more one tests the software, the more it becomes immune to its tests.
To overcome this, testers should always find new strategies, approaches, and test cases, so that they can identify bugs and resolve them. Configuration testing is a software testing technique that is used to evaluate the configurational requirements of the software. It discovers the optimal configuration of the system under which the application performs at its best, therefore configuration testing is considered important.
It also helps in identifying and resolving any compatibility issues. Software testing is an important activity that ensures quality, giving the confidence to release the software to customers. This article explained the testing process and its importance in software development. It also covers important concepts on manual testing and will guide you to master the field of manual testing. However, testing is only a single component of a good software development strategy. A development team should use high coding standards, best practices, and patterns to reduce the bug count.
As a long-term strategy, the best way to improve the testing process is to test frequently, measure the results, gather feedback and use it to get better. The software testing that checks if the new code has broken the existing functionality is known as:.
Before you go! Take this "Software Testing Interview Questions" interview guide with you. Download PDF. Enter the name of your college. Computer Science. Information Technology. Mathematics and Computing. Before After Enter company name. Forgot Password. Software Testing Interview Questions 1. Explain the role of testing in software development?
How much testing is sufficient? Or, is it possible to do exhaustive testing of the software? What are the different types of testing? What is the software testing life cycle? What qualities a software tester should have? What is functional testing? What is a bug report? What is non-functional testing? What are some important testing metrics?
What is Test-Driven-Development? What is manual testing? What is cross-browser testing? What is automated testing? What is a software bug? Write some common mistakes that lead to major issues.
What is a user story? What is a test environment? What are the different types of severity you can assign to a bug?
Manual Testing Interview Questions for Freshers What is black-box testing? What is white-box testing? What are the differences between manual and automated testing? What is alpha testing? What is beta testing?
What is exploratory testing? What is end-to-end testing? What is static software testing? What is dynamic software testing? What is API testing?
What is meant by Code Coverage? What are the benefits of Manual Testing? What are the drawbacks of Manual Testing? What is the procedure for manual testing? Write different types of Manual Testing? Name some of the manual testing tools. When will you choose automated testing over manual testing? When will you choose manual testing over automated testing? Name some methods that can be used in code coverage. Define Latent Defect. Write difference between Validation and Verification?
Explain the term testbed. What is the role of documentation in manual testing? What do you mean by Test case? Name some attributes of the test case. What is a Test Plan? What does it include? What is a Test Report? What do you mean by Test Deliverables? Explain STLC. Write difference between bug, defect, and error. Explain use-case testing. What do you mean by Test Matrix and Traceability Matrix? What is Positive and Negative Testing?
What do you mean by Critical bug? System testing can be done at any stage? Explain Monkey Testing and Performance Testing. Write the difference between Test Stub and Test Driver. Explain Endurance Testing or Soak Testing? What is the importance of Localization Testing? Explain Path testing. What do you mean by Baseline Testing and Benchmark testing? Explain Fuzz Testing and its importance. What do you mean by Data flow testing? What is the importance of agile testing?
What are different categories of debugging? What is Selenium? What are its benefits? What is boundary value analysis? What is regression testing? What is unit testing? What is an API? What are the different HTTP status codes that a server can return?
What is test coverage? What is meant by browser automation? What is the difference between Retesting and Regression Testing? What is System testing and Unit Testing? Write the difference between them. What are the types of Integration Testing? Name some of the most popular integration testing tools. What is Test Harness and Test Closure? Explain Test Scenario. What is the defect life cycle?
Explain Experienced-based testing techniques. Write the difference between smoke testing and sanity testing. What do you mean by pesticide paradox? Explain Configuration Testing.
Name two parameters that can be useful to check the quality of test execution. Conclusion Crack your next tech interview with confidence! Take Free Mock Interview. Waterfall Software Development Model An agile software development model works in small iterations. Type Description Unit Testing A programmatic test that tests the internal working of a unit of code, such as a method or a function.
Integration Testing Ensures that multiple components of systems work as expected when they are combined to produce a result. System Testing Complete end-to-end testing is done on the complete software to make sure the whole system works as expected. Its name originates from the hardware testing where you just plug the device and see if smoke comes out. User-Acceptance Testing Ensures the software meets the requirements of the clients or users. This is typically the last step before the software is live, i.
In stress testing, the tester subjects the software under heavy loads, such as a high number of requests or stringent memory conditions to verify if it works well. Usability Testing Measures how usable the software is. This is typically performed with a sample set of end-users, who use the software and provide feedback on how easy or complicated it is to use the software. Security Testing Now more important than ever. Security testing is crucial for web-based applications or any applications that involve money.
Click here to download. Manual Testing Automated Testing A human tester tests the software by manually running the test cases and observing and comparing the actual and expected outputs. A tester or a programmer uses scripts and tools that execute the software and compares the actual and expected outputs.
Manual testing is not reproducible and repeatable. Since it is programmed, automated testing is consistently reproducible and repeatable. It can be executed as many times as the tester wants. For new features, a tester can quickly test the feature manually, without much configuration and setup.
Manual testing is useful for finding bugs in the user interface or accessibility issues. Automated testing is more suitable for catching bugs that a human tester would miss, such as programming bugs, business logic errors. Manual testing is prone to human errors and is slow. As there is no human participation involved other than writing tests , automated testing is more reliable.
It is much faster than manual testing. Imagine a tourist in a foreign city. There are two ways in which they can explore the city. Follow a map, itinerary, or a list of places they should visit Explore randomly, following the streets as they lead them to new places With the first approach, the tourist follows a predetermined plan and executes it. Both approaches have their pros and cons. There are several advantages of manual testing as given below: Preferable for products with a short life cycle Saves time, money, and resources Ensure the error-free product Useful in ad-hoc testing, exploratory testing, and usability testing No need to change the entire code to make minor changes Get accurate user interface feedback Ability to handle difficult use case situations in a better way GUI testing can be done accurately Highly reliable Make user-friendliness better Easy to learn for new testers There are several drawbacks of manual testing as given below: Not suitable for time-bounded projects and large organizations More prone to human errors and mistakes Less efficient as the choice of recording the testing process is not available Less Reliable Regression testing is time-consuming Does not cover all the aspects of testing Load testing and performance testing can be performed manually More expensive in the long run process The process of manual testing includes the following: Planning and control Analysis and Design Implementation and Execution Evaluating exit criteria and Reporting Test closure activities Some of the top manual testing tools include: Postman Message queue monitors DB tools, etc.
Benefits of automated testing over manual testing When test cases need to be run repeatedly for a long duration of time. When one needs to perform regression testing, performance testing, or load testing. When one wants to record the testing process When one has less time to complete the testing phase When tests are needed to be executed in a standard runtime environment When tests include repetitive steps When there are multiple and quick deployments for the product, manual becomes very time taking and redundant Benefits of manual testing over automated testing: When test cases need to be run for a short duration of time once or twice.
When one needs to perform ad-hoc testing, exploratory testing, or usability testing When one wants to ensure the user-friendliness of an application When flexibility is required When one wants to better handle the complex scenarios Verification Vs Validation: Verification Validation It checks whether the software meets the specification or not.
It is a type of static testing. It is a type of dynamic testing. There is no requirement of executing the code. There is a requirement for executing the code. This process is performed by the QA team to make sure that the software is built as per the specifications in the SRS document. This process is performed with the involvement of the testing team.
Reviews, walkthroughs, inspections, and desk-checking are some methods that can be used in verification. Black box testing, white box testing, and non-functional testing are some methods that can be used during validation. It identifies the bugs or errors early in the development process. It can identify the bugs or errors that the verification process cannot catch. It is performed before the validation process.
It is performed after the verification process. Some of the commonly applied documentation artifacts that are associated with software testing include: Test Plan Test Scenario Test Case Traceability Matrix Some of them are given below: Test Case Id : Unique identifier of test case Test Summary : One-liner summary of test case Description : Detailed description of test case Prerequisite or pre-condition : Set of conditions to be followed before implementing the test steps Test steps : Detailed steps for performing test case Test Data : Test data value used in test case Expected Result: Estimated result to pass the test Actual Result: Actual result after executing the test steps.
Test cases documents Test Design specifications. It tests the application or system by giving invalid data. It accepts all the numeric and alphabetic values. It does not accept any special character. This type of testing is performed to identify a known set of test conditions. This type of testing is performed to identify an unknown set of test conditions.
It is usually performed on each and every application. It is usually performed where the chances of unexpected conditions or errors are more. It requires less time and can be performed by people having less knowledge. It requires more time and can only be performed by professionals.
It makes sure that the software application is normal. It does not encompass all the possible cases. It encompasses all the possible cases. It is less significant or vital than negative testing. It is more significant and vital than positive testing. It helps us in the following ways: Eliminate or remove variables that are never used after being declared Pinpoint variables that are used but never declared Deallocate variable before it is used Pinpoint variables that are defined multiple times before it is used Some of its advantages include: Boosts the performance as it allows all the testers and developers to work together Features are tested as they are developed Ensure successful delivery of the high-grade product Saves time and money Flexible and highly adaptable to changes Improves product quality and allows developers to release software as early as possible Different categories of debugging include: Brute force debugging Backtracking Cause elimination Program slicing Fault tree analysis.
Some of the benefits of Selenium include: It is open-source software, eliminating licensing costs. It supports all the major languages, such as Java, C , Python, Ruby, etc. It supports all the major web browsers, e.
You can integrate it with other testing frameworks and tools to build a comprehensive test suite for your software. A good unit test has the following characteristics: It should test a single piece of functionality. It is fully automated and repeatable.
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